Years ago, nearly all available paints were oil-based, but today consumers have the option of a water-based coating. In the process of paint manufacturing, the solvent determines the paint type. Oil-based paints contain oil as their solvent, while water-based paints use mainly water. Oil- or solvent-based paints have a much higher level of organic compounds than their counterpart. These compounds enhance their application, drying time, and durability. However, they release strong odor and toxic volatile organic compounds that negatively impact the environment.

Paint manufacturers must ensure the solvent they use aligns with quality control standards. They do this by testing various parameters. Some of these tests include a density test which checks if the solvent is mixed with other components or not. A pigment test helps to know the amount of binder and resin required to absorb a specific amount of pigment. A fineness test checks how smooth painted surfaces will be, while the gloss test determines the degree of shine for the paint. Other tests are washability and impact resistance. They ascertain the paint’s resistance to washing and measure the film’s resistance against hard shocks, respectively.