The graphite and metal oxides are coded onto current collector sheets, usually made of copper and aluminum on an assembly line. An electrolyte sheet sandwiched between them keeps them from coming into contact. It also serves as a barrier to electrons traveling from cathode to anode and back. Welding techniques, such as laser welding, are used to seal the battery cells, ensuring that they are safe and durable.

The pouch cell design is becoming increasingly popular, as it is lightweight and flexible, making it ideal for portable devices. Cell assembly is the process of assembling the different components of the battery cell, including the anode, cathode, and electrolyte.

The sheets are pressed together and wound around a steel cylinder, forming a compact cell. A typical battery pack module for electric vehicles consists of several lithium-ion battery cells packed together in an integrated unit. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts, and this solution generates electricity more efficiently than a large battery would.