Making Liquid Dosage Forms
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Use water or pure alcohol as a solution in the liquid dosage manufacturing process
The liquid dosage form is prepared by dissolving the active ingredient within a liquid vehicle to form a solution. Depending on the type of liquid vehicle used, you obtain either aqueous or non-aqueous solutions.
The aqueous solutions have water as the solvent, while the non-aqueous solutions have hydro-alcoholic (water and alcohol as solvents) and alcohol (only alcohol as solvent). Elixirs and tinctures are examples of hydro-alcoholic solutions. The concentration of alcohol in elixirs is 3%-25%, while the concentration of alcohol in tinctures is 25%-60%.
Apply size reduction to raw materials to facilitate solubility
Drops, syrups, elixirs, and draughts are monophasic liquid dosage forms, retaining the components in a single liquid phase. The APIs in most dosage forms of this type are weak acids or weak bases with low solubility properties. The formulation, therefore, requires adjustment of pH levels.
One method to improve solubility is by reducing the particle size of pharmaceutical powders. Using a mill or a spray drying system, grind the materials to 10 microns or less.
Apply gravimetric measurement in the liquid dosage manufacturing process
The volumetric measurement risks a high variability in liquids as the ingredients may be subjected to volume contraction or expansion.
The gravimetric method bypasses the effects of temperature and ambient forces acting on the ingredients. By measuring the density of the total contents, the technique gives a more reliable reading of the liquid dosage before filling and packing.
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