The word parenteral comes from Greek and means outside the intestine (para=outside and enteron=intestine). In fact, when it comes to parenterals, we are referring to those dosage forms that are administered directly into the bloodstream using a hypodermic needle, avoiding going through the gastrointestinal tract. Using parenteral filling equipment, parenteral solutions are placed in containers such as vials, syringes, or ampoules.

Parenterals

During crime scene investigations in any movie, you've probably seen forensic scientists collecting evidence and biological samples in small containers. Here, these are the vials, used to store medicines, especially in liquid form, or laboratory samples. Often made of glass or plastic, vials can be labeled as single-dose vials or sterilized and reused more than once. They are also available with various closure systems depending on the material and storage requirements.

Vials

Insulin is a hormone that controls blood glucose levels produced by the beta cells in the pancreas. As a medication, insulin was discovered by Frederick Banting and Charles Best in 1921, for which Banting was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1923. The insulin production process involves manipulating the biological precursor to insulin and cultivating it inside bacteria using specialized technology.

Insulin

After being used to contain the blood of martyrs after death or to store the anointing oil of French monarchs, today ampoules are the first choice in packaging injectables. You create ampoules by melting the glass tube into the desired shape and seal them at the neck by melting the top of the glass tube. The only way for you to extract the contents from an ampoule is by breaking the glass at its breaking point, making it perfect for single dose applications only.

Ampoules

A pre-filled syringe or PFS is a single-dose disposable syringe that is supplied loaded with the substance to be injected. By using a pre-filled syringe filling machine, you can have excellent dosage accuracy due to the exact filling of medications. During administration, safety from potential contaminants is also ensured as they are directly injected after opening. To further minimize the risk of contamination, pre-filled syringes are often filled and sealed in a sterile environment using stainless steel equipment.

Pre-filled Syringes

Some of the vaccines in use today were originally developed decades ago. But advances in research, expertise and vaccine development equipment provide immunizations from bacterial and viral diseases (antibodies and cell therapy) to more people every year. The Covid 19 pandemic highlights the urgent need to scale up the production of vaccines and ensure an automated as well as reproducible manufacturing environment.

Vaccines

API making equipment must observe rigorous quality control standards across the entire manufacturing process. The pharmacodynamic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients API make them highly sensitive to their environment, making API manufacturing and production a tightly regulated field.

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API)

The click and puff of inhalers is a universal signal for respiratory conditions. Inhalers quickly grew into preferred drug delivery systems for asthma and COPD. Dry inhaler powder formulation produces a more stable drug than liquid dosage forms. Moreover, inhaler ingredients are more resistant to bacterial growth.

Dry inhaler powder

High production capacity

Excellent temperature uniformity

Ergonomic and flexibility

Fully sanitary design

Easy to operate

Industrial autoclaves are hermetic containers that kill microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and spores by using steam under high pressure. The steam is pumped at a higher pressure than normal atmospheric pressure to reach a temperature of 121–140 °C. As steam is pumped into the main chamber of the autoclave, it replaces air and creates a vacuum seal. The pressure vessel kills pathogens and microbes, but industrial autoclaves may also be used to reinforce composite materials, and laminate surfaces. Sensitive products such as foods and pharmaceuticals typically use wet steam autoclaves to sterilize containers and instruments because moisture can penetrate tight areas. But other applications, such as wood treatment or rubber vulcanizing, may also be subjected to dry steam techniques.

Industrial autoclaves

Pharmaceutical

Industrial sterilization processes are employed in different industries to completely eliminate all living microorganisms from the final product. For instance, in food processing, sterilization equipment is used to produce a stable product with a long shelf-life by eradicating harmful bio-contaminants. Instead, in the medical field, sterilization technologies aim to prevent the transmission of microbes to patients by sterilizing all the tools and medical devices that come in contact with the patient. Most sterilization equipment, such as autoclaves, employs high-temperature pressurized steam to destroy bacteria and disinfect surfaces from spores. Other methods include radiation sterilization or using chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide for disinfection.

Sterilization

Biopharmaceuticals are drugs in which the active substance is manufactured or extracted from biological origin materials. They are usually produced in bioreactors by plant cells, microbial cells, yeast cultures, or mammalian cells. Also known as biomanufacturing, they are used to either treat or diagnose and prevent a patient’s medical condition or disease. Biopharmaceuticals are typically complex macromolecules administered by injection or infusions, and examples include vaccines, serums, and insulin.

Biopharmaceuticals

Parenteral preparations refer to drugs using non-oral means of administration. Injectables, such as needles and syringes, are used to deliver a drug into the systemic circulation directly in the veins, muscles, under the skin, or in the tissue.

These parenteral formulations are pharmaceutical dosage forms that have strict regulations on being sterile, pyrogen-free, and free from visible particulate matter including reconstituted sterile powders. Solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and gels with APIs intended for administration by injection are usually supplied in vials, ampoules, pre-filled syringes, or pens to facilitate ease of use.

Injectables

Pharmaceutical developments walk side by side with health advances to provide new medicines, treatments, and therapies that have increased life quality and extended life expectancy by years. Pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment helps deliver products to a great deal of the population, but there’s a significant share that doesn’t benefit from them yet. Over 2 billion people cannot get the medicines they need, according to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and local production might be a way to provide for these people.

Pharmaceuticals

Process

Batch

liquid

Superheated water shower autoclave are sterilization autoclaves designed for sterilizing large batches of parenteral solutions.

Specially designed for sterilizing large batches of parenteral solutions. Excellent temperature uniformity can be rapidly obtained in the chamber by the

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Superheated water shower autoclave

Excellent temperature uniformity can be rapidly obtained in the chamber by the high volume water flow

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